NT - the control of matter on the atomic and molecular scale ; BT - involving the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products ; IPR - Intellectual property rights are the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds. They usually give the creator an exclusive right over the use of his/her creation for a certain period of time.
Issues for AstronautsGaganyaan
Genome Sequencing and Projects
Moon missions
Privatization of Space
Patent TRIPS
PATENTS (AMENDMENT) RULES, 2020
Indian data relay satellite system - set of satellites that will track send and receive information from other Indian satellites. three of them can provide total coverage and the first beneficiary would be the crew members of gaganyaan mission of 2022
When artificial intelligence used for Monitoring social media: During the live broadcast of chess matches, commentators speak/write like "‘Black's attack on White is brutal’ or ‘Black should be able to block White’s advance’" etc. But it gets flagged as hate speech. Some YouTube accounts were suspended as a result. Therefore human intervention is required to check the context of the words.
The Indian Government put in place the National Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Policy in 2016 to “stimulate a dynamic, vibrant and balanced intellectual property rights system”. Its objectives -human capital development, foster innovation, replicate it at scale and commercialise it is a work in progress consequent to the policy. (However, we need hawk-eye’s focus à la China which filed just 276 patent applications in 1999 but rose to become an innovation titan in 2019.
The first project of Samsung's star lab nEon are called world's first artificial humans. for now the virtual humans can show emotions controlled by the creators but the idea is to become intelligent enough to be fully autonomous and intelligent on their own. Two core technologies behind are core r3 technology that drive reality real-time and responsiveness and spectra which will complement core r3 with intelligence learning emotions and memory. Neon are different from virtual assistant because neon will be limited to the person they are catering to while virtual assistant learn from all the data that is plugged into them
Project Netra ISRO and Indian institute of astrophysics to establish optical telescope facilities to track space objects and space debris it is it will give India capability in space situational awareness eventual goal is to capture geostationary orbit where communication satellite operate we have 15 functional Indian communication satellites in geostationary, 13 in Leo and 8 navigation
Cosmological information in the CMB temperature fluctuations has been harvested by different space missions –Planck mission (ESA, 2009) - the third generation of the spectacularly successful CMB space missions following COBE DMR (NASA, 1989) and WMAP (NASA, 2001).
Discovery of 1st exoplanet The Swiss astronomers, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz have been awarded the Nobel for their discovery of the first ever exoplanet orbit a star. Exoplanet 51 Pegasi was the 1st exoplanet discovered orbiting a sun-like star, about 50 light years away from earth in the constellation of Pegasus. Till the time, search for exoplanets focused on pulsars (a dead star). Thus it paved the way for a new method in our search for life beyond earth. The Pegasi is a gas-giant of the size about half of Jupiter and is orbiting the star at a distance of about 8 million km.
Important Missions NASA‟s Kepler and K2 missions. ISRO‟s PARAS spectrograph at Mount Abu (PRL Advanced Radial velocity Abu Sky Search Spectrograph)
The government has removed (JAN 2019) price restrictions on new and innovative drugs developed by foreign pharmaceutical companies under the Indian Patent Act, 1970. z¾ These restrictions have been removed for the first five years. Section 3(d) of Indian Patent Act prevents the “evergreening” of patents also which means that India did not support inventions which were minor modifications and thus prevented undue monopoly during the extended period of patent protection by the inventor/company.
Compulsory Licensing (CL) allows governments to license third parties (that is, parties other than the patent holders) to produce and market a patented product or process without the consent of patent owners under Essential Commodities Act 1955.
Criminal Space Laws?